On this day...
January 7: Christmas (Julian calendar); Victory Day in Cambodia; Flag Day in Italy- 1558 – Francis, Duke of Guise, retook Calais, England's last continental possession, for France.
- 1610 – Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei made his first observation of the four Galilean moons through his telescope: Ganymede, Callisto, Io and Europa, although he was not able to distinguish the latter two until the following day.
- 1797 – The first official Italian tricolour was adopted by the government of the Cispadane Republic.
- 1979 – The Vietnam People's Army captured the Cambodian capital city Phnom Penh, deposing Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge, which marked the end of large-scale fighting in the Cambodian–Vietnamese War.
- 1989 – Akihito (pictured), the current Emperor of Japan, took the throne upon the death of his father Hirohito, who became known by the posthumous name Emperor Shōwa.
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